The field of artificial intelligence (AI) started in the 1950's in the defense industry, and has evolved over the years. In the 2010s, new computer-based "deep-learning" methods were introduced that significantly accelerated the field. Physician-scientists are using this technology in the medical field to improve diagnostic methods. One such researcher is PCF-funded investigator Dr. Beatrice Knudsen, a Professor of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Director of Translational Pathology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. She is one of the world's leading research pathologists, and is an expert on diagnosis of prostate cancer and other diseases from tissue specimens.